Tuesday, 28 June 2016

Threads & Fasteners


 THREADS & FASTENERS

Fasteners:  Fasteners includes:
a.       bolts and nuts (threaded)
b.      set screws (threaded)
c.       washers
d.      keys
e.       Pins

FASTENERS ARE NOT A PERMANENT MEANS OF ASSEMBLY SUCH AS WELDING OR ADHESIVES. 



Fasteners and threaded features are specified engineering drawing.
     Threaded features:  Threads are specified in a thread note.
   General Fasteners:  Purchasing information must be given to allow the fastener to be ordered correctly.

Screw Thread: A ridge of uniform section in the form of a helix.



External Thread: External threads are on the outside of a member.


An external thread is cut using a die or a lathe.

   A chamfer on the end of the screw thread makes it easier to engage the nut.




Internal Thread: Internal threads are on the inside of a member. An internal thread is cut using a tap. 






Thread Definitions: 

Major DIA (D): The largest diameter (For both internal and external threads).

Minor DIA (d): The smallest diameter. 

Depth of thread: (D-d)/2 

Pitch DIA (dP):  The diameter at which a line cuts the spaces and threads equally.


Crest: The top surface. 

Root: The bottom Surface. 

Side: The surface between the crest and root.
 



Pitch (P): The distance from a point on a screw thread to a corresponding point on the next thread (in/Threads). 

Angle of Thread (A): The angle between the threads. 

Screw Axis: The longitudinal center line.

Lead: The distance a screw thread advances axially in one turn.






Types of Thread: 

There are many different types of thread forms (shape) available. The most common are;
   Unified
   Metric

Thread form choice depends on;

   what it will be used for
   length of engagement
   Load etc.



Manufacturing of Threads: 

Internal Threads: 

a.       First a tap drill hole is cut with a twist drill.
b.      Then the threads are cut using a tap.
c.       Chamfers are sometimes cut to allow for easy engagement.





External Threads: Start with a shaft the same size as the major diameter.The threads are then cut using a die or on a lathe.